Read the quotations below carefully.

Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations, fostering dialogue, and resolving conflicts between nations through peaceful means. It serves as the primary mechanism for promoting understanding, cooperation and the peaceful settlement of disputes in the international system.

Marie Julie in Global Diplomacy – Investigating International Relations.

We have no more reason to believe that the days of Gunboat Diplomacy are over than to believe that the threat of force will not be used on land and in the air.

T. B. Millar in James Cable Gunboat Diplomacy – Political Applications of Limited Naval Force.

Taking the quotations above into considerat…

Read the following text carefully.

Whilst there is a rich and growing literature on diplomacy, theories of diplomacy are less abundant. In view of its pivotal role in International Relations, diplomacy until recently received surprisingly little attention amongst theoretically oriented International Relations scholars. Indeed, a description of diplomacy is that it is “particularly resistant to theory”, and the well-known Israeli diplomat and foreign minister, Abba Eban, argued in 1983 that the “intrinsic antagonism” between theory and practice was more acute in diplomacy than in most other fields. This proposition may be less tenable today, as recent decades have seen a growing interest in, …