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Digital globalization and Global Value Chains (GVCs)

The web of global economic connections is growing deeper, broader, and more intricate. Yet much of the public discussion surrounding globalization is stuck on the narrow topic of trade surpluses and deficits. This lens fails to take into account the new and more complex reality of a digitally connected global economy. While the global goods trade and financial flows have flattened since the Great Recession, cross-border flows of data are surging. They now tie the world economy together just as surely as flows of traditional manufactured goods.

McKinsey Global Institute (org.) Digital globalization: the new era of global flows. March/2016. …

Business-to-Business Interactions in a ‘Single Window’ Environment The entire international trade supply chain exists to fulfil the needs of the buyer, who is interested in the value represented by goods supplied by the seller. Developments in electronic business have enabled buyers to use facilities that help navigate the supply chain processes of finding, ordering, shipping and paying processes online. Just as the buyer seeks to receive goods, the seller is interested in securing payment for goods. Several online facilities have emerged which perform complex business transactions in an online platform to fulfil the business needs of buyers and sellers, giving them a ‘Single Window’ experie…

Software designers must always pay attention to the quality criteria that the system must meet. For all intents and purposes, business considerations determine the quality characteristics a system must accommodate. Many systems are rebuilt because they are difficult to maintain, to port, to scale or because they are too slow or unsafe. Considering this information, write a text about the following quality characteristics of software products: reliability, usability and security. For each of them, present the meaning of the characteristic and two related subcharacteristics.